Tuberculosis or TB is one of the oldest diseases know to mankind.It is an infection caused by a germ called
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.TB most commonly damages the lungs but can affect any other part of the body,including the spine,lymph nodes,kidneys,joints,intestines and brain.
How does TB spread?
Tuberculosis is spread through the air(droplet infection) when people suffering from TB of the lung
cough,sneeze,talk or spit.Aperson in close contact with the patientcan inhale these germ and can develop
tuberculosis.Overcrowding ,poor ventilation and poor hygiene aid the spread of tuberculosis.
What are the symptoms of TB?
- Fever and night sweats.
- cough with or without bloody sputum
- weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Shortness of breath
- chest pain
- other symptoms depend on the system involved
How is TB diagnosed?
- Sputum should be tested for the presence of the TB germ under a microscope.threeearly morning sputum samples are recommended.
- If sputum contains the TB germ,it means you are infectious.
- Chest X-ray will show abnormalities in case of pulmonary TB.
- Biopsy of the affected organ such as lymph node or liver,or bone,may be required occasionally to confirm the diagnosis
How is TB treated?
TB is treated with medicines.A combination of four different medicines are given initially for a period of two
months and sputum is then tested again for germ.if you are making good progress,treatment is reduced to two drugs for a further period of four to six months.The total duration of treatment ranges between six and eight months.
How can TB transmission be prevented?
- Cover your face when coughing, sneezing or laughing.
- Minimise close contact (particularly with children)during the first two to four weeks.
- Do not go to work or school for a few weeks.
- Keep rooms well-ventilated.
- Make sure there is adequate sunlight.
- Get your child vaccinated with BCG within 1st week of birth.
- Take medicines regularly for the full prescribed course.
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Unknown - Thursday 7 July 2011
