Difference Between Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs

A sedative is a drug that produces a relaxing, calming effect. Sedatives are usually given during daytime hours,and although they may make the patient drowsy, they usually do not produce sleep. A hypnotic is a drug that induces sleep, that is, it allows the patient to fall a sleep and stay a sleep. Hypnotics also may be called soporifics. Hypnotics are given at night or hour of sleep (HS).
Sedatives and hypnotics may be divided into two classes:
barbiturates and miscellaneous sedatives and hypnotics. The barbiturates are divided into several
groups, depending on their duration of action:
• Ultrashort-acting (eg, thiamylal [Surital], thiopental [Pentothal]). The ultrashort-acting barbiturates
are used as anesthetics. Single doses have a duration of 20 minutes or less.
• Short-acting (eg, secobarbital [Seconal], pentobarbital [Nembutal]). The average duration of action
of the short-acting barbiturates is 3 to 4 hours.
• Intermediate-acting (eg, amobarbital [Amytal],aprobarbital [Alurate], butabarbital [Butisol]). The
average duration of action of the intermediate-acting barbiturates is 6 to 8 hours.
• Long-acting (eg, phenobarbital, mephobarbital[Mebaral]). The average duration of action of the
long-acting barbiturates is 10 to 16 hours

The miscellaneous sedatives and hypnotics consist of a group of nonrelated drugs and a second group called the benzodiazepines. Examples of the nonrelated group of drugs include ethchlorvynol (Placidyl), zaleplon (Sonata),and zolpidem (Ambien). The benzodiazepines are also called antianxiety drugs. Examples of the benzodiazepines include estazolam (ProSom), flurazepam (Dalmane), and quazepam (Doral).

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Ditulis oleh: Unknown - Saturday, 29 October 2011