Sedatives and hypnotics may be divided into two classes:
barbiturates and miscellaneous sedatives and hypnotics. The barbiturates are divided into several
groups, depending on their duration of action:
• Ultrashort-acting (eg, thiamylal [Surital], thiopental [Pentothal]). The ultrashort-acting barbiturates
are used as anesthetics. Single doses have a duration of 20 minutes or less.
• Short-acting (eg, secobarbital [Seconal], pentobarbital [Nembutal]). The average duration of action
of the short-acting barbiturates is 3 to 4 hours.
• Intermediate-acting (eg, amobarbital [Amytal],aprobarbital [Alurate], butabarbital [Butisol]). The
average duration of action of the intermediate-acting barbiturates is 6 to 8 hours.
• Long-acting (eg, phenobarbital, mephobarbital[Mebaral]). The average duration of action of the
long-acting barbiturates is 10 to 16 hours
The miscellaneous sedatives and hypnotics consist of a group of nonrelated drugs and a second group called the benzodiazepines. Examples of the nonrelated group of drugs include ethchlorvynol (Placidyl), zaleplon (Sonata),and zolpidem (Ambien). The benzodiazepines are also called antianxiety drugs. Examples of the benzodiazepines include estazolam (ProSom), flurazepam (Dalmane), and quazepam (Doral).
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Unknown - Saturday 29 October 2011