Rabies is a severe viral infection of the central nervous system communicated to human from the saliva of infected animals and commonly transmitted by a bite or by contact of the animal saliva with a mucous membrane or open wound.
Brief Signs and Symptoms of Rabies in Human
The first signs of rabies to humans are: pain and a feeling of numbness of the part bitten, fever, throat irritation, dizziness, hallucination, tachycardia (heart beat frequency), vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain,
anxiety, agitation, nervousness. When the infection reach a high point, these are the signs that appear:
difficulty swallowing, double vision, abnormal movements of the muscles that control breathing, problems moving facial muscles, mental depression (for a short period of time), loss of appetite, pupil dilatation, drooling,sound sensitivity, light sensitivity, episodic mania, episodic calm, convulsions, cardiac failure, respiratory failure.
Muscle spasms in the muscles of the face, neck or diaphragm, followed by seizures;
Paralysis, which is often the only symptom that is developed on a more unusual forms of rabies, paralytic
No tests are available to diagnose rabies infection in humans before the onset of clinical disease, and unless the rabies-specific signs of hydrophobia or aerophobia are present, the clinical diagnosis may be difficult. Post
mortem, the standard diagnostic technique is to detect rabies virus antigen in brain tissue by fluorescent
antibody test.
Source of infection
The source of infection to man is the saliva of rabid animal .In dogs and cats,the virus may be present in the
saliva for 3 to 4 days (occasionally 5 to 6 days) before the onset of clinical symptoms and during the course of illness till death.
How is rabies transmitted?
1.Animal bites .The human cases of rabies result from dog bites,occasionally from other animal bites like
cat,monkey,horse,sheep and goat.
2.Person to person Man to man transmission although rare is possible.There are also reports of transmission of rabies by corneal and organ transplants.
3.Dental injury by the subject contaminated with the saliva of a rabid animal.
Treatment of Rabies
Effective treatment soon (within a few days, but as soon as possible) after exposure to rabies can prevent the
onset of symptoms and death.
Post-exposure prevention consists of local treatment of the wound, administration of rabies immunoglobulin (if
indicated), and immediate vaccination.
Brief Signs and Symptoms of Rabies in Human
The first signs of rabies to humans are: pain and a feeling of numbness of the part bitten, fever, throat irritation, dizziness, hallucination, tachycardia (heart beat frequency), vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain,
anxiety, agitation, nervousness. When the infection reach a high point, these are the signs that appear:
difficulty swallowing, double vision, abnormal movements of the muscles that control breathing, problems moving facial muscles, mental depression (for a short period of time), loss of appetite, pupil dilatation, drooling,sound sensitivity, light sensitivity, episodic mania, episodic calm, convulsions, cardiac failure, respiratory failure.
- Fever
- Cough or the sensation of dry throat
- Pain, burning, itching, tingling or numbness to the place where one was bitten or to the original exposure
- Abdominal pain
- Anxiety or restlessness that is getting worse and can develop into extreme agitation
Muscle spasms in the muscles of the face, neck or diaphragm, followed by seizures;
Paralysis, which is often the only symptom that is developed on a more unusual forms of rabies, paralytic
- rabies, which occurs after the bites of the vampire bat ;
- Large fluctuations in body temperature, pulse and blood pressure;
- Coma, heart and respiratory failure .
- Periods alternating normal behavior and bizarre or unusual behavior (anxiety, hallucinations, delirium);
- Fear of water (hydrophobia) or fear of air (aerophobia);
No tests are available to diagnose rabies infection in humans before the onset of clinical disease, and unless the rabies-specific signs of hydrophobia or aerophobia are present, the clinical diagnosis may be difficult. Post
mortem, the standard diagnostic technique is to detect rabies virus antigen in brain tissue by fluorescent
antibody test.
Source of infection
The source of infection to man is the saliva of rabid animal .In dogs and cats,the virus may be present in the
saliva for 3 to 4 days (occasionally 5 to 6 days) before the onset of clinical symptoms and during the course of illness till death.
How is rabies transmitted?
1.Animal bites .The human cases of rabies result from dog bites,occasionally from other animal bites like
cat,monkey,horse,sheep and goat.
2.Person to person Man to man transmission although rare is possible.There are also reports of transmission of rabies by corneal and organ transplants.
3.Dental injury by the subject contaminated with the saliva of a rabid animal.
Treatment of Rabies
Effective treatment soon (within a few days, but as soon as possible) after exposure to rabies can prevent the
onset of symptoms and death.
Post-exposure prevention consists of local treatment of the wound, administration of rabies immunoglobulin (if
indicated), and immediate vaccination.
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Unknown - Thursday, 28 July 2011