The appendix is a small, finger-like appendage about 10 cm (4 in) long that is attached to the cecum just below the ileocecal valve.The appendix fills with food and empties regularly into the cecum. Because it empties inefficiently and its lumen is small, the appendix is prone to obstruction and is particularly vulnerable to infection (ie, appendicitis).
Pathophysiology
The appendix becomes inflamed and edematous as a result of either becoming kinked or occluded by a fecalith (ie, hardened mass of stool), tumor, or foreign body. The inflammatory process increases intraluminal pressure, initiating a rogressively severe,generalized or upper abdominal pain that becomes localized in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen within a few hours.Eventually, the inflamed appendix fills with pus.
Sign and Symptoms
* significant abdominal pain, especially around the bellybutton or in the lower right part of the abdomen (perhaps coming and going and then becoming consistent and sharp)digestive system animation
* low-grade fever
* loss of appetite
* nausea and vomiting
* diarrhea (especially small amounts, with mucus)
* frequent urination and/or an abnormally strong urge to urinate
* swollen or bloated abdomen, especially in infants
Medical Management
Surgery is indicated if appendicitis is diagnosed. To correct or prevent fluid and electrolyte imbalance and dehydration, antibiotics and intravenous fluids are administered until surgery is performed. Analgesics can be administered after the diagnosis is made. Appendectomy (ie, surgical removal of the appendix) is erformed as soon as possible to decrease the risk of perforation.It may be performed under a general or spinal anesthetic with a low abdominal incision or by laparoscopy.
Pathophysiology
The appendix becomes inflamed and edematous as a result of either becoming kinked or occluded by a fecalith (ie, hardened mass of stool), tumor, or foreign body. The inflammatory process increases intraluminal pressure, initiating a rogressively severe,generalized or upper abdominal pain that becomes localized in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen within a few hours.Eventually, the inflamed appendix fills with pus.
Sign and Symptoms
* significant abdominal pain, especially around the bellybutton or in the lower right part of the abdomen (perhaps coming and going and then becoming consistent and sharp)digestive system animation
* low-grade fever
* loss of appetite
* nausea and vomiting
* diarrhea (especially small amounts, with mucus)
* frequent urination and/or an abnormally strong urge to urinate
* swollen or bloated abdomen, especially in infants
Medical Management
Surgery is indicated if appendicitis is diagnosed. To correct or prevent fluid and electrolyte imbalance and dehydration, antibiotics and intravenous fluids are administered until surgery is performed. Analgesics can be administered after the diagnosis is made. Appendectomy (ie, surgical removal of the appendix) is erformed as soon as possible to decrease the risk of perforation.It may be performed under a general or spinal anesthetic with a low abdominal incision or by laparoscopy.
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Unknown - Friday, 25 March 2011
